historylink.orgThe Free Online Encyclopedia of Washington State History - HistoryLink.org
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HistoryLink.org Home This Week Then Today in Washington History New This Week Upcoming Event Explore About Washington Timeline Slideshows Roll of Honor Book Reviews Tours Education In the Classroom History Day Curriculum Materials About About Staff & Historians Trustees & Advisers Donors Sponsors & Partners Publications Events Search Contact Commissioned Work Writing for HistoryLink Facebook Twitter Search Donate The free online encyclopedia of Washington state history 7712 HistoryLink.org articles now available. Search Diablo Dam incline railway climbing Sourdough Mountain, 1930. Courtesy Seattle Municipal Archives, 2306. Children waving to ferry, 1950. Courtesy Museum of History and Industry. Loggers in the Northwest woods. Courtesy Washington State Digital Archives. This Week Then 1/30/2020 Guiding Light On February 4, 1851 , the Oregon Territorial Legislature created Pacific County , north of the Columbia River in what is now Southwest Washington. Forty-six years earlier, the Lewis and Clark Expedition had reached the Pacific Ocean at this location. They stayed ten days, then set up a winter camp on the south side of the river. The word "pacific" is defined as peaceful or calm, but the mouth of the Columbia can be anything but. The first non-Native residents there were shipwrecked sailors, thought to be Spanish or Mexican, who washed up on the beach in 1725 when their vessel sank off shore. Fifty years later, Spanish explorer Bruno de Hezeta spotted the river's mouth, but wasn't able to navigate upstream due to the ill health of his crew. In 1788 English fur trader John Meares tried to find Hezeta's river, but was met with disappointment . It wasn't until 1792 that an American fur trader, Captain Robert Gray , became the first non-Indian navigator to safely enter the river, where he traded with the Chinook people living along its banks. As trade and travel increased, the mouth of the Columbia River became known as the Graveyard of the Pacific and sent many a mariner to a watery death. Steps were taken to decrease the number of wrecks, and in 1856 Cape Disappointment 's first lighthouse was illuminated. It helped some sailors steer towards safety, but others still met with disaster . More help was needed to prevent the continuing loss of life. When the USS Peacock wrecked at the river's entrance in 1841, the vessel's captain left behind the ship's launch to be used by local residents as a rescue boat in the event of other disasters. The fate of the Peacock 's launch is unknown, but in 1877, the Fort Canby Life Saving Station opened, and is now the oldest search-and-rescue station in the Pacific Northwest. In 1980 the U.S. Coast Guard's National Motor Lifeboat School opened in nearby Ilwaco to assist in life-saving efforts. Mining Site On February 4, 1889 , the town of Roslyn incorporated in Kittitas County , only to quickly lose that status when Washington Territory's incorporation laws were declared unconstitutional. Washington achieved statehood in November 1889, and the bustling mining town was reincorporated in 1890. Only a few years before Roslyn's dual incorporations there was very little human habitation at the town site. That changed in 1886 with the discovery below ground of vast seams of coal , and within two years the population had grown to more than 1,000. In 1888 a huge fire destroyed the town's entire business district, but it was almost immediately rebuilt. Jobs were plentiful in the mines, but so were labor struggles. On August 17, 1888, miners struck for an eight-hour day, and the Northern Pacific Coal Company brought in trainloads of black miners as strikebreakers . When armed guards were hired to protect the strikebreakers and to intimidate miners, a constitutional crisis ensued. The territorial government viewed this as a private militia and ordered the guards dispersed or arrested. Many of the black miners stayed on after the strike was settled, and Roslyn grew to become one of the most ethnically diverse towns in the state. Many years later, it became the first Washington community to appoint, and later elect, a black mayor . As a mining town, Roslyn had its share of tragedies, including the worst coal-mining disaster in state history, which killed 45 miners in 1892. In 1909 another explosion and fire killed 10 men. Although they arrived too late to save any lives, recently invented respirators on display at Seattle's Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition were rushed to Roslyn and aided in the recovery of some victims . After 1910 the nation's shift from coal to oil as a fuel source led to a slow decline in Roslyn's population that went on for decades. The last mines closed in 1963, and the local economy became more reliant on logging and tourism. Want to be notified when we update This Week Then each week? Please subscribe to our free weekly newsletter, which also includes other historical info and news you might find interesting. News Then, History Now Name Decided In 1860 King County welcomed the opening of the Squak Post Office , so named for the English pronunciation of Is-qu-ah , an Indian word for snake. In 1887 the town was platted as Englewood, but in 1892 it was incorporated as Gilman , in honor of the man who brought in the railroad . A few years later, the Gilman City Council petitioned the state legislature, and on February 2, 1899 , both town and post office were renamed Issaquah . Books Provided On February 2, 1903, the Seattle Public Library opened its first branch in converted apartments in Fremont , which was moved to its current location in 1921. This week also marks anniversaries for four King County libraries. The Federal Way Regional Library was dedicated on February 1, 1992 , Woodinville opened its first modern library exactly one year later , the Kirkland Library opened in in its new building on January 30, 1995 , and the Carnation Library opened on January 31, 2009 . Votes Divided At the beginning of the twentieth century, residents of the small but growing San Juan Island community of Friday Harbor were in need of reliable electric power and a safe and dependable water source. Some suggested that incorporation would solve their problems, but not everyone agreed. An election was held on February 2, 1909 , and the incorporation measure passed by a vote of 70 to 55. Moving Through Here Interstate 5 was completed between Everett and Seattle on February 3, 1965 , and between Everett and Tacoma on January 31, 1967 . And one year ago this week, Seattle's Battery Street Tunnel was decommissioned on February 1, 2019 , three days before the new State Route 99 Tunnel opened to traffic . Open a Beer In the early 1970s, the Rainier Brewing Company was experiencing a slump in sales, and the historic brewery looked for ways to increase awareness of its brand. In 1974 it hired the advertising agency of Heckler-Bowker (later Heckler Associates), which produced a series of clever ads that are still remembered fondly by fans today. Stand up and Cheer Three decades after the city was awarded a franchise , the Seattle Seahawks played in their first Super Bowl on February 5, 2006, which ended in defeat. But on February 2, 2014, the Hawks won the Super Bowl most decisively, which led to one of the largest celebration gatherings in the city's history. The following year, the team made it to the bowl again hoping for a repeat championship, but lost in a heart-breaking finale . Today in Washington History Makah leaders and Territorial Gov. Stevens sign treaty at Neah Bay on January 31, 1855. Washington Territorial Legislature approves King County's present-day boundaries on January 31, 1867. Kirkland Beginnings: Kirkland Post Office opens on January 31, 1889. Washington governor Marion Hay pardons J. K. Edmiston on January 31, 1911. American Jewish Committee, Seattle chapter, is formed on January 31, 1946. Interstate 5 is completed from Everett to Tacoma on January 31, 1967. Seattle City Council concludes on January ...
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